High prevalence of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor N22 gene functional variant R620W in systemic lupus erythematosus patients from Kuwait: implications for disease susceptibility

Table 1 The characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients included in the study (n = 134). S.D., standard deviation; ANA, anti-nuclear antibody

Gender ratio (Female: Male)	11: 1 (123/11)
Mean age (± S.D.), years	36.7 (± 9.3)
Mean age at diagnosis (± S.D.), years	30.6 (± 8.3)
Mean disease duration (range), months	48 (6–280)
Clinical manifestations: n (%)
Malar rash	73 (54.4)
Mouth ulcers	26 (19.4)
Photosensitivity	25 (18.7)
Discoid rash	9 (6.7)
Raynaud’s phenomenon	22 (16.4)
Arthritis	128 (95.5)
Serositis	29 (21.6)
Renal involvement	22 (16.4)
Hematological abnormalities	51 (38)
Neurological disorders	5 (3.7)
Immunological abnormalities^a	95 (70.9)
ANA^b	134 (100)
Hypertension^c	7 (5.2)

^aAs per criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) [23]
^bA standard indirect immunofluorescence method was used for detection and ascertainment as per ACR criteria and cutoff limits [23]
^cBlood Pressure > 140/90 mmHg (or > 130/80 mmHg in the case of renal insufficiency)

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